Gender Studies: Woman Inside and Outside the Box (2025)

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Historical Sociology and Connected Gender Sociologies. On the colonial legacy and (re)nationalization of gender

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The article starts with a discussion of history’s and historical sociology’s influence on gender sociology. It is argued that the reconstruction of gender-historical developments as institutionally and socio-culturally sequential processes, or as historical figurations and their causal mechanisms, is a marginal research agenda in gender sociology. As a result, colonial history and its gendered legacy—which is considered pivotal for a comprehensive conceptual understanding of contemporary society—is (still) relegated to a back seat in gender sociology. This is reflected in the way how current anti-genderist controversies in European societies are discussed in terms of theory; gender sociology misses both to consult gender-historical and postcolonial perspectives systematically in the analysis of anti-genderism, although postcolonial approaches have become prominent in global historical sociology in the last decade. I suggest conceiving anti-genderists’ stance clearly as an indicator of European societies’ colonial (epistemic) legacy and as a result of the consistent (re)nationalization of gender throughout the twentieth century. Against this backdrop, the contribution starts from the question to what extent a global historical sociology can enable gender sociology to decolonize its body of knowledge and to decode the continuing (re)nationalization of gender as a colonial legacy. This includes a reflection on the extent to which gender sociology is built on a colonial body of white gender knowledge and how gender can be made visible as a colonial category of knowledge production. Accordingly, the deconstruction of gender sociology’s blind spot vis-a-vis its own imperial standpoint and its enmeshment with colonial epistemic legacies is envisioned as a central task. This is evidenced by the way how gender was inserted in national discourse throughout the second half of the twentieth century, namely as a medium that allows for the assertion of cultural differences between »us« and »them«. This finally led into a new, European nationalism after Germany’s so-called reunification, in which gender’s symbolic role once more became central, such as in the »headscarf debates« in the early 2000s, at a time when the NSU terror spread. At large it is argued that decolonial thinking reveals how classifications in terms of race and nation are unfolding as a cornerstone of the bourgeois, heteronormative gender order and how this is fostering the coloniality of gender, namely as part of (re)nationalization processes throughout the twentieth century up to now. As a consequence, recent anti-genderism affects white women and women of color alike, albeit in very different ways; but first and foremost, anti-genderism involves white women against women of color.

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Gender presentation -in post-colonial literature: By diasporic writer – Bapsi Sidhwa, (Solemn feminist paradigm

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Post-colonial literature is evidently the mirror document of values of the related era. Specifically the main concerns or the core aspects of postcolonial writings have been gender related. The relative positioning of gender in the social circumstances as and when the document registered in the time-period renders some thought banks for the readers. The question of women stance in the society has always been there and unfortunately never been answered wholesomely. To some extent the plight of the weaker sex has been exposed to the thread by the postcolonial writers. We can name it as postcolonial feminism in other sense; it would be a subset of feminism but not in mythical nous. In the present paper, diasporic writings would be the basic focus of attention; Bapsi Sidhwa marvel-novels portraying feminism. They, no less, have laid out the continuum of female condition through and through. The family patterns of the colonies have been described in an intricate crisscross way. Postcolonial writers contest misconceptions of the world related to the female portraits globally. This paper unfolds these misconceptions step by step and present them as gems of postcolonial literature.

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The articles in this special issue section of PORTAL had their first iteration as presentations in the Eighth Women in Asia Conference in 2005, 1 the theme of which was 'Shadow Lines'. The concept 'Women in Asia' is problematic since some of the major debates in gender or women's studies have focused on the diversity of women's life worlds and beings and the contested nature of the term 'Asia'. As a theme it has the potential to become a holdall phrase for scholarship, research and activist work 'from Suez to Suva'. However, reflecting on these difficult terms can be a creative and rewarding process. The attempt to locate Australia within the region, rather than within a putative 'west', and to deal with her geography rather than just her white history, can be an effective way of challenging many current 'white blindfold' discourses. At the same time, gendered analyses of society, politics and culture that attempt a re-insertion of 'herstories' into academic discourses have to be sophisticated enough to demonstrate the intrinsic gendering of all-embracing, supposedly 'neutral', ideas such as race, nationalism, ethics, and the state, rather than simply 'adding in' women. The marginalised spaces of women's activities have to be legitimated as crucial elements of all social relations, highlighting the intimate relationships and connections between men and women.

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Gender as a Result of Colonialism

Katherine Berlatsky

A history of colonialism has had an effect on the cultures of the majority of the globe, and this effect is just as evident in the modern perception of gender roles and the enforced gender binary as it is in other more oft aspects of culture, such as language and religion. This paper will answer the question of what effects an extended period of colonialism and violence has had on the way that a global society views gender. This will be accomplished through the presentation of evidence that summarizes the history of gender and gender roles around the world, with examples taken from among Native Americans, Tongans, and the Igbo people of Nigeria. Cultural institutions of gender pre-colonization will be compared with the current views on gender and gender roles within the same cultures, and the cause for this difference will be elucidated. Sources including case studies, books, essays, and other research papers will be summarized, followed by an analysis of those sources and an explanation of how these sources inform the answer to the research question. This will be followed by a résumé of the results discovered throughout the research, and a discussion of these results and what they mean in the real world. The implications of all major findings will be explored, as will the potential need for continued research.

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Multiple Gender Cultures, Sociology, and Plural ModernitiesRe-reading Social Constructions of Gender across the Globe in a Decolonial Perspective

Heidemarie Winkel, Angelika Poferl

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Until today, Western, European sociology contributes to the social reality of colonial modernity, and gender knowledge is a paradigmatic example of it. Multiple Gender Cultures, Sociology, and Plural Modernities critically engages with these ‘Western eyes’ and shifts the focus towards the global variety of gendered socialities and hierarchically entangled social histories. This is conceptualised as multiple gender cultures within plural modernities. The authors examine the multifaceted realities of gendered life in varying contexts across the globe. Bringing together different perspectives, the volume provides a rereading of the social fabric of gender in contrast to androcentrist-modernist as well as orientalist representations of ‘the’ gendered Other. The key questions explored by this volume are: which social mechanisms lead to conflicting or shifting gender dynamics against the backdrop of global entanglements and interdependencies, and to what extent are neocolonial gender regimes at work in this regard? How are varying gender cultures sociohistorically and culturally structured, and how are they connected within (global) power relations? How can established hierarchies and asymmetries become an object of criticism? How can historical, cultural, social, and political specificities be analysed without gendered and other reifications? That way, the volume aims to promote border thinking in sociological understanding of social reality towards multiple gender cultures and plural modernities. Table of Contents 1. Multiple gender cultures, sociology, and plural modernities: introduction Angelika Poferl and Heidemarie Winkel PART I: Colonial modernity and gendered knowledge regimes: decolonising gender sociological thinking 2. Gendering modernities: tracing multiple alterities in the longue durée Manuela Boatcă 3. Gendered self-determination: native feminists theorising settlement, sovereignty, and forms of Indigenous peoplehood Mark Rifkin 4. Citizenship, migration, and the gendering of modern/colonial inequalities Julia Roth PART II: Multiple gender cultures: the negotiation of gender in varying local contexts 5. Modernising modernity: the women’s movement in Japan Michiko Mae 6. Women, faith, andfFacts in modern Iran Haideh Moghissi 7. Navigating multiple sites of knowledge: the development of religion in a Cairene women’s NGO Emma Sundkvist 8. Karama (dignity), celibate women, and the 'Arab Spring': gendered identity construction in the Tunisian context Lilia Labidi 9. The work of entanglement: translating women’s rights in Malaysia Anna Spiegel 10. FEMEN’s transnational fight for women’s rights: multiple modernities, transnational spaces, and plural gender orders Lena Weber and Birgit Riegraf Part III: Theoretical horizons: multiple gender cultures in plural modernities 11. How to talk about difference and equality? Human dignity, gender, and the cosmopolitics of the social Angelika Poferl 12. Multiple gender cultures: gender as an epistemic test case of plural modernities Heidemarie Winkel

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Gender, Liberalism, and Postcolonial Theory -- graduate

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Gender Studies: Woman Inside and Outside the Box (2025)

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